====== VMware tips ======


===== Fixing time-management in vm-instances on VMware =====

Install the VMware tools in the guest os, then in the .vmx-file set the following parameters to TRUE:

    * **tools.syncTime** - sync periodically
    * **time.synchronize.continue** - sync after snapshot
    * **time.synchronize.restore** - sync after reverting to a snapshot
    * **time.synchronize.resume.disk** - sync after resume
    * **time.synchronize.shrink** - sync after defragmenting a virtual disk 

<note important>Do **NOT** run any other timekeepers in the guest operating system! (like the **W32Time** service on windows and the **NTP** daemon on UNIX systems). Read [[http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vmware_timekeeping.pdf|this pdf]] (written by VMware) for more details and background information.</note>



===== Converting 'vmdk' to RAW disk for use in virtualbox/KVM =====

example:
   $ cd /path/to/vmware/guestos
   $ for i in `ls *[0-9].vmdk`; do qemu-img convert -f vmdk $i -O raw  {i/vmdk/raw} ; done
   $ cat *.raw >> guestos.img

===== Migration with vmware-vdiskmanager (from vmware to KVM) =====
**vmware files**
<code>
$ ls
nvram                 opt-zimbra-s009.vmdk          Zimbra-Training-VM-s004.vmdk
opt-zimbra-s001.vmdk  opt-zimbra-s010.vmdk          Zimbra-Training-VM-s005.vmdk
opt-zimbra-s002.vmdk  opt-zimbra-s011.vmdk          Zimbra-Training-VM-s006.vmdk
opt-zimbra-s003.vmdk  opt-zimbra.vmdk               Zimbra-Training-VM-s007.vmdk
opt-zimbra-s004.vmdk  vmware-0.log                  Zimbra-Training-VM-s008.vmdk
opt-zimbra-s005.vmdk  vmware.log                    Zimbra-Training-VM.vmdk
opt-zimbra-s006.vmdk  Zimbra-Training-VM-s001.vmdk  Zimbra-Training-VM.vmsd
opt-zimbra-s007.vmdk  Zimbra-Training-VM-s002.vmdk  Zimbra-Training-VM.vmx
opt-zimbra-s008.vmdk  Zimbra-Training-VM-s003.vmdk
</code>

creating a temp disk and convert allocated - non-parted VMware disks

   $ mkdir haha
   $ vmware-vdiskmanager -r Zimbra-Training-VM.vmdk -t 2 haha/Zimbra.vmdk
   $ vmware-vdiskmanager -r opt-zimbra.vmdk -t 2 haha/Zimbra-opt.vmdk

and get

   $ ls haha/
   Zimbra.vmdk  Zimbra-flat.vmdk  Zimbra-opt.vmdk  Zimbra-opt-flat.vmdk

Converting ..

   $ qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 haha/Zimbra-flat.vmdk /var/lib/libvirt/images/Zimbra.img
   $ qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 haha/Zimbra-opt-flat.vmdk /var/lib/libvirt/images/Zimbra-opt.img

after sucessful run under KVM (uinstall vmware-tools)

  # vmware-uninstall-tools.pl
  # reboot

===== Backing up virtual machines on VMware Server 2.0 =====

Because WMware's backup of running virtual machines is still in experimental stage, you have to shut down the virtual machines and then copy files from the datastore. That is - if you you want to avoid using that experimental feature.

You can create a user on a virtual machine and grant permission to shut down via sudo:
  * ''sudo adduser username admin'' enables user username to run sudo
  * add ''username hostname = NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown'' to /etc/sudoers
  * Create a script, that will shut down virtual machines, check with ping after one minute if it is really shut down and then copy VM's files from datastore to TARGET location and after finishing that, power virtual machine back on. Of course you run it on your VMware Server host - where you have the datastore.

Here is an example of the script. You will have to modify at least usernames and paths, maybe more, but it will give you an idea of how it can be done.

<code bash|f backup.sh>
#!/bin/bash
#
# Backup virtual machines
#
# In file /home/user/vm_hostnames define hosts of virtual machines (as they appear in VMware Server).
# DNS records for the same names must exist too!
#
TARGET=/mnt/backup
#
for VM in `cat /home/user/vm_hostnames`
do
	ssh username@${VM} sudo /sbin/shutdown -h now
	sleep 60
	ping -c 2 ${VM}
	TARGET_PATH=${TARGET}/${VM}.`/bin/date +%Y%m%d`
	mkdir $TARGET_PATH
	if [ $? -eq 1 ]
		then
			cp /vm/Virtual\ Machines/${VM}/* ${TARGET_PATH}/
			/usr/local/vmware-server/bin/vmrun -T server -h https://VM_HOST_IP:8333/sdk -u vmuser -p vmpass start "[standard] ${VM}/${VM}.vmx"
		else
			echo Host $VM not shut down yet! >> /home/user/vm_backup.err
	fi
done
</code>

''vmuser'' and ''vmpass'' are username and password you use to login to VMware Server console. ''VM_HOST_IP'' is the IP of your VMware Server host. The file ''vm_hostnames'' in the script is a list of hostnames of virtual machines you wish to back up.