Linux related stuff

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====== Samba ======

''**/etc/fstab**''
   //server/share     /media/cifs/  cifs    rw,user,auto,credentials=/home/username/.smbcredentials,uid=1000,gid=100 1 2

   $ vim .smbcredentials

''**.smbcredentials**''
   username=foobar
   password=blabla

   $ chmod 600 .smbcredentials


    [global]
      add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -g machines -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologin %u
 

<pre>
@ECHO OFF
if %username%==GOST goto izhod
NET USE Z: /HOME /YES
NET USE G: \\SERVER\USERS
NET USE H: \\SERVER\MEDIA
NET TIME \\SERVER /SET /YES
:izhod
</pre>

<html><pre>
pdbedit --pwd-must-change-time=timestamp username
timestamp je unix time ko mora spremenit password
ce das to na 0 pol bo moral spremenit
</pre></html>

\\
for i in `cat userlist`;do (echo $i ; echo $i) |pdbedit -a $i  -t --pwd-must-change-time=0  ;done\\
\\
smb.conf

  strict syn = no
  sync always = no
  printable = no
  load printers = no
  preserve case = no
  default case = lower
  disable netbios = yes
  deadtime = 15


===== Tips =====

   # mount -t cifs //server/hal /mnt -o user=hal,uid=hal,gid=hal   # mount and map ownerships
   # umount /mnt                                                   # unmount file system

<code>
$ smbstatus 
Samba version 3.0.33-3.7.el5
PID     Username      Group         Machine                        
-------------------------------------------------------------------
32752   hal           hal           elk          (192.168.4.1)
32733   hal           hal           elk          (192.168.4.1)
 5320   laura         laura         wapiti       (192.168.4.2)

Service      pid     machine       Connected at
-------------------------------------------------------
hal          32733   elk           Tue May 26 14:57:15 2009
laura        5320    wapiti        Tue May 12 11:33:32 2009
iTunes       5320    wapiti        Tue May 12 11:33:29 2009
hal          32752   elk           Tue May 26 15:02:29 2009

No locked files
</code>

  # smbcontrol 32733 close-share hal       # close a single share instance, PID 32733
  # smbcontrol smbd close-share hal        # nuke all clients mounting "hal"

===== Creating Recycle Bin for Samba storage =====

The best option is to have a "Recycle bin" for every users on the samba server.
Here is an example of modifying the home directories of your users in samba configuration file

    [homes]
    comment = Home Directory
    valid users = %S
    browsable = no
    guest ok = no
    read only = no
    vfs object = recycle
    recycle:repository = RecycleBin
    recycle:keeptree = yes
    recycle:exclude = *.tmp, *.bak

The “vfs object” line calls in the plug-in that enables recycle bin capability.  On the other lines, you’re setting the name of the recycle bin directory, telling Samba to preserve the whole structure of any directories that a user may delete, and finally, telling it to not keep certain types of files. 

==== newer version ====

If the required version of Samba is not installed, there are articles on how to update/install the correct version of Samba.

 

To implement the network recycle folder Samba uses a Virtual File System (VFS) module. The various VFS modules that Samba can use are in the local directory: //usr/lib/samba/vfs


Documentation on the options for the recycle.so module and other VFS modules can be found in the local directory //usr/share/doc/samba-x.x/docs/Samba-HOWTO-collection.pdf under chapter 19 or on the following website: http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/Samba-HOWTO-Collection/VFS.html

To implement a Samba recycle folder simply edit one of your shares to be similar to the example below:

 
**''/etc/samba/smb.conf''**
<code>
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[SambaShare]

   path = /home/scripts
   public = yes
   writable = yes
   browsable = yes

vfs object = recycle
        recycle:repository = .deleted/%U
        recycle:keeptree = Yes
        recycle:touch = Yes
        recycle:versions = Yes
        recycle:maxsize = 0
        recycle:exclude = *.tmp
        recycle:exclude_dir = /tmp
        recycle:noversions = *.doc

</code>
 

This configuration only implements a recycle folder on the directory "Samba Share". The above options must be specified for each Samba share you want the recycle folder functionality on.

 

The most interesting option above is:

 
   recycle:repository = .deleted/%U



This specifies where the deleted files will be stored. This is relative to the share path. From the above example "Samba Share" has the path /home/scripts. Therefore anything that is deleted is moved to the directory .deleted under this path. The %U variable is the username of the person currently browsing the share. So for every user that deletes a file there is a directory with their username containing all the files they have deleted.

 

For example:

Scott is browsing the "Samba Share" directory and deletes a file. The deleted file can now be found under /home/scripts/.deleted/Scott \\
Brad is browsing the "Samba Share" directory and deletes a file. The deleted file can now be found under /home/scripts/.deleted/Brad \\


It is important to note that the .deleted directory must be created prior to use. It must then allow users to write to that directory. This is just an example and can be setup differently to suit your particular situation.

====  How can I list the currently active clients? ====
The winbindd deamon can log its status to the winbind log file upon request using the signal USR2.

If debuglevel is set to 2 or above, the windbindd dameon will also print the list of clients currently active.

   # killall -USR2 winbindd

The winbind log level can be set separately in the smb.conf (/etc/samba/smb.conf) file using the "log level" option, for example:

    log level = 2 winbind:3

<note important> **Reload the configuration in winbind by either sending a HUP signal to the winbindd daemon or by using "service winbind reload"**</note>

   # service winbind reload



===== samba + Windows Vista =====

<note important>
Microsoft's security policy on WIndwos Vista is interestingly set by default to exclude mapping to Samba shares. To fix this click **START | Run | secpol.msc**. Go to Local Policies | Security Options and find Network Security: LAN Manager authentication level \\
Change the settings from Send NTLMv2 response only to Send LM & NTLM - use NTLMv2 session security if negotiated. 
Vista defaults to only send the more secure NTLMv2 protocol, which Samba (and, incidentally, some NAS devices) do not support.
</note>

=== smb.conf ===
<pre>
#
======================= Global Settings =======================
<code>
[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = workgroup

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = server
        netbios name = server

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
        wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
        name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
   interfaces = 127.0.0.1 eth1

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
   bind interfaces only = true

##      hosts allow = 192.168.101. 127.
        enable core files = no
        use sendfile = yes
#       smb ports = 445
        disable netbios = yes

        client lanman auth = no
        lanman auth = no
        client ntlmv2 auth = yes
        client plaintext auth = no
##      deadtime = 60
##      enhanced browsing = no
        time server = yes
        wide links = no


        log level = 3
##      reset on zero vc = yes

##      hostname lookups = no

#       host msdfs = yes
#       msdfs root = no S


# Name mangling options
   preserve case = yes
   short preserve case = yes
   dos charset = CP852
   unix charset = UTF8


#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
;   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
   security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
   encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.
   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

   guest account = nobody
   ###!!!###invalid users = root, ftpdostop*,ftp
   invalid users = ftpdostop*,ftp
   username map = /etc/samba/users.map

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = no

# This option controls how nsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

os level = 69

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
   domain logons = yes
        local master = yes

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
   domain master = yes
preferred master = yes


#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
   #logon path = \\%N\%U\.winprofile
   logon path = \\server\%U\.winprofile
#logon path = \\%L\profiles\%U

   logon drive = H:
   #logon home = \\%N\%U
   logon home = \\server\%U

   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password -s /bin/false  --gecos "" %u
add machine script = /usr/sbin/adduser --force-badname --no-create-home  --disabled-password --disabled-login --gid 118 --gecos "" --home /dev/null --shell /bin/false %u

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
        load printers = no
        show add printer wizard = no

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
   printing = bsd
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap
   printcap name = /dev/null

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
;   printing = cups
;   printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
   socket options = TCP_NODELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY SO_RCVBUF=111616 SO_SNDBUF=111616

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
;   winbind enum groups = yes
;   winbind enum users = yes

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

</code>
#
======================= Share Definitions =======================
<code>
# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares.  This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   writable = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.  Un-comment the following parameter
# to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S

 ; uporabniki ne rabijo nic delat
   ; z Maildir direktorijem
     hide files = /.*/Maildir/


# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
[netlogon]
   comment = Network Logon Service
   path = /home/netlogon
   guest ok = yes
   read only = yes
   share modes = no
   locking  = no
   browsable = no
# If you have problems, try adding the following line
 acl check permissions = no


# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700
# read only = No
# store dos attributes = Yes
# printable = no
# hide files = /desktop.ini/outlook*.lnk/*Briefcase*/

#[printers]
#   comment = All Printers
#   browseable = no
#   path = /var/spool/samba
#   printable = yes
#   guest ok = no
#   read only = yes
#   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# Replace 'ntadmin' with the name of the group your admin users are
# members of.
;   write list = root, @ntadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
;   read only = yes
;   locking = no
;   path = /cdrom
;   guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
#       cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
#       an entry like this:
#
#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
#       is mounted on /cdrom
#
;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

[$homes]
   comment = Home dirs
   path = /home
   guest ok = no
   browseable = yes
   writable = yes
   create mask = 0600
   directory mask = 0700
#csc policy = disable



#vfs objects =  recycle
#      recycle:keeptree = yes
#      recycle:versions = yes
#      recycle:touch = yes
#      recycle:exclude = ?~$*,~$*,*.tmp,index*.pl,index*.htm*,*.temp,*.TMP
#      recycle:exclude_dir=  /tmp,/temp,/cache
#      recycle:repository = .recycle/.recycle.%u
#      recycle:noversions = *.doc,*.xls,*.ppt
#      #hide files = /.recycle.*/.recycle/
#      #veto files = /.recycle.*/.recycle/
</code>